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Yamaha CX5 Computer | |
Article from One Two Testing, May 1984 |
Preview of a micro
I motored up to Bedfordshire in early March to see the only Yamaha CX5 in the country at that time, at the residence of Yamaha's FM expert, Dave Bristow. Dave is not your average keyboard demonstrator, however, for he will say things like, "It's a joke... it makes me really cross, quite unforgivable," when describing the lamentable "rhythm section" facility included in the basic CX5.
And the CX5 is no ordinary musical instrument. It is in fact a computer. A new type of computer called MSX, standing for MicroSoft-eXtended. This MSX is an improved version of Microsoft, which many existing computers understand, but also, crucially, is the standard chosen by the most powerful Japanese electronics manufacturers for their coming ranges of computers (already on sale in Japan).
By the time the Yamaha CX5 comes out towards the end of 1984, there'll already be some MSX computers on the market – the Sony Hitbit or a Spectravideo machine may well be the first. And they'll soon be in the company of Pioneer, Sharp, JVC, Mitsubishi, Sanyo, Canon and many others, which means that MSX software, the stuff that actually makes the computers do specific jobs, will become quickly and widely available. But that's all strictly computer talk.
The Yamaha CX5 will be unique when it does appear, because it is the only MSX computer to include FM synthesis as a supplied add-on. No-one else will have this because it was invented by Yamaha for their wondrous DX synthesiser (one of the One Two Instruments of 1983 – see January 1984 issue), and they own the patent, which runs for at least another couple of years. Not one of the previously mentioned Japanese heavyweights will give you computer-controlled FM synthesis.
You can display the parameters of the preset voices, a page per voice on the screen, and alter these, or start from scratch on your own voices. Aids to programming are varied, and include the facility to put the original sound on one side of the split keyboard and your edit on the other, for direct comparison, or the use of a temporary store called a Sound Buffer in a similar way.
In this way you can make up sounds (and save them in the 48 spaces beyond the presets or, of course, on to a cassette) either to be played as a "live" synth, or for specific purposes for use in the Music Composition program, where you may need a very precise sound for your particular piece (Bristow here demonstrates a convincing ticking-clock-in-a-deserted-mansion sound for the rhythmic base of one of his excursions).
On each page, for each voice, either from the store or starting from scratch, is displayed all the FM parameters: the linkage and state of the operators, plus overall levels of output, volume adjustment, rate scaling, detuning and so on. You can also usefully swap around the order of voices in your store, or "directory" as it's called.
"If this was a synthesiser," marvels Dave, "laid out as a synthesiser with all the buttons there for all the things you can see at various times on the screen, it would look so impressive. And the sounds would be impressive too. People would think, oh, £3000, £4000... quite incredible."
There are credible limitations. FM has a subtle but decidedly resident hiss somewhere down the bottom end – carrier noise – which you can get used to. And there are limitations to do with fixed frequencies, as Dave admits. There's also rather a lack of analogue twang to FM – and there's the large hurdle of coming to terms with the actual construction of the sounds and the parameters used, which will be totally meaningless to anyone other than the DX owners amongst us (and probably to many of them, too, who merely Do The Preset).
On the other hand there's a lush presence to FM that's very appealing. The CX5's way of displaying the parameters of FM so that you can see what you're doing made me at least begin to grasp more of what's actually going on, as opposed to all my previous embarrassed fumblings with the occasional DX. With the CX5 I could see myself coming to terms with what Bristow will happily call the most important advance in synthesis since the Minimoog. I found myself nodding.
Dave's warming up now, so we'll let him continue for a bit. "When you think of the cost of this system, if you've got a DX7 already then that's probably reason enough to buy a CX5 and a DX7 Voicing Program, without the fact that it's a computer, without the fact that it's got a synthesiser in it, but just as an aid to programming, to see your DX7, and for back-up storage of voices."
So indeed you can "look", via the TV monitor, at the data already in your DX7, change the algorithms, change all the parameters of each operator, the function controls, and so on. Having swapped around to your heart's content on the computer, you then MIDI-transfer the new data to the DX7. Or you can change your DX7's settings in the normal way and have the added visual bonus of a display of what you're up to – although this comes into the firing line of One Two's special Question For Synthesiser Computer Add-ons: "What does it do that the synth doesn't already do?" Answer (almost invariably): "Nothing." In this case that's slightly unfair, though, as it's only one of many possibilities.
With the DX7 Voicing Program, DX7 owners would save themselves the cost of RAM packs (± £50), and be able to store new voices on to cassette via the computer, 48 at a time (not just 32). They'd also need £550+, of course, and an unfailing belief in Yamaha world domination.
When I first saw this bit demonstrated by Dave at the Frankfurt trade show in February, I was impressed, but somewhat put off by the ear-numbing volume and blatant distortion thrown at me by the boys from Berlin responsible for setting up the sound system. I guessed – correctly, it seems – that the CX wasn't to blame.
Turn on with this program in and up comes a stave in two lines, one above the other, though to be considered as one continuing "part", on to which you can write your piece in any of the voices you care to call from preset, programmed or cassette store. This is the program where you have to start using that old-fashioned medium of pencil and paper. Despite the high-tech on display there's no way of calling up a list of any of your available voices at this point (even the no-software presets). So you have to have prepared a list. A pencil and paper's also handy for keeping a note of the parts as they accumulate.
Notes are entered on to the stave in a variety of ways: by moving a cursor into the required note position on the stave and selecting a note "value" – crotchet, minim, etc – from the row displayed along the bottom of the screen; by a combination of typewriter keyboard (for valve) and music keyboard (for pitch); or by the typewriter keyboard alone (for which function some overlays may be made available, making a mini music keyboard out of some of the keys and labelling specific functions of others). You can also bung on repeat bars, time signatures and so on – if you select nothing, you automatically get an unchallenging 4/4, 120 crotchets a minute, and an old-fashioned electric piano voice. Perfect for pop music, in fact.
Eight parts shall you write, and eight parts shall you hear back. You can get polyphony going by writing "across" the bars with a special display of italicised notes onto what you define as the leading part. Perhaps most effectively of all, you can add all manner of musical expression to your line once it's written in – pianissimo, fortissimo, accelerando, ritardando, crescendo, diminuendo, and all those things hazily remembered from school music lessons. This manages to bring tired old do-ra-mes into some semblance of life.
So, you've got to have a musical knowledge, or at least have read up a Grade One theory book to get you going. It's probably better than having to learn a number code, MC4-style, but it is going to put some people off this highly musical program. If you send this eight-part composition via MIDI to your own MIDI'd polyphonic synth, it'll play the composition on whatever single sound is selected. If you can afford to link up several MIDI'd synths, then you can control them from one or several parts of the eight. But what you don't get on the CX5, regrettably, is eight separate outs. So relative levels have to be set by expression signs, and eventual eq-ing can only be applied to the whole composition (albeit in stereo). Shame.
There's about 8400 steps available, which seems more than enough – remember, a repeat bar sign, for one repeat or one hundred repeats, counts as only one step.
And that's about your lot. For the time being, a closing remark from Dave Bristow: "There's a big opportunity here for music – you can, with the appropriate software, use a significantly different approach. The idea of melodies, chords and rhythms can go out the window if you like, and you can get right back to basic ideas of strings of notes, and harmony and rhythm being a result of that, rather than a foundation." The sound of 1985, perhaps?
We'll bring you a detailed and critical operational review nearer the release of the CX5, but for now here's a number of preliminary conclusions/suggestions.
1 Yamaha should supply a Voicing Program with the package – it's absolutely essential. And if they want to throw in a Music Composition Program too, whoopee.
2 An educational assault will have to be mounted. FM is very mysterious to novices (ie anyone not owning a DX) and although the CX5's display facilities help to see what's going on with FM, information has got to be made available to musicians. Perhaps the obvious starting point is an FM educational program free with each CX5?
3 This is a musician's tool and not a computer buff's plaything – although the added bonus of games and lists is attractive. The richness of FM sounds along with the way they please the ears, in combination with the control and display facilities of the CX5, is little short of staggering. This instrument seems quite capable of doing what all good musical instruments should do: affect the way music is made, and provoke keener, more thoughtful music from the musician. It won't make you better, but it'll organise more effectively what you can do.
4 When can we have one?
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Review by Tony Bacon
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