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Ethnic Instruments

Article from International Musician & Recording World, October 1985

Weird, wonderful and ethnic and you should see the instruments.


Mbiras, Gopichands, Droinitzas, Zumas and Shakahuchis are a: type of marsupial donkey b: Oriental diseases of the nether region c: peculiar ethnic instruments

Q: What goes 'pboinngggg'?
A: A Gopichand, of course.

You didn't know that? Then what you need is a little Eastern knowledge, a smidgeon of the wisdom of the Orient, or maybe a chat with C-Cat Trance.

The two who make up C-Cat Trance (pronounced with a hard C, like a stutter) have cast their net a lot further than the obvious in search of the interesting side of Pop. Their route has taken them well into left field and it's passed through some very interesting places on the way.

Most of their sound is based on forests of weird and wonderful instruments, nine-tenths of which you wouldn't find in most music shops, and some of which you probably won't find outside the mysterious climes from which they emanate.

In their search for sounds odd and striking they've become experts on what noises best concur up the bazaar (or bizarre, depending on taste) atmospheres of their latest record, the LP Khamu. Nigel Kingston-Stone handles the percussion (mostly) and Rees Lewis the voices, saxes, flutes, and sundry other things. Not that you'll be able to tell who's who that easily, as their pseudo-Berber attire neatly conceals their deliberate lack of funny hairstyles and even funnier clothing. But back to the funny gear, musical type.

How can a mere paleface learn of these exotic noise devices? Easy, apparently.

"If you're interested in ethnic instruments," explained Rees, "obviously you've got to listen to the music, and there are quite a few series of records that can be picked up easily and give you a bit of knowledge about what sounds are used and how.

"Then there are two books which we'd recommend very highly. There's one called A History Of Musical Instruments by Kurt Sax, which gives you a load of information on everything. And for percussion, the masterwork has to be The History Of Percussion by James Blades. He's a world-famous classical percussionist himself, and the book is really good on all sorts of drums and percussion from all over the world. They're both extremely interesting.

"The most difficult bit, though, is getting hold of the instruments. There are not that many sources of Tibetan percussion in the average town.

"For Chinese and Far Eastern stuff there's a shop in London which specialises just in that. It's called Ray Man and it's on Neal Street in Covent Garden (Tel: (01)240 1776). They're probably the only very accessible way to get hold of that kind of thing, as they also do a wholesale service which dealers could use in other parts of the country.

"There are a couple of companies who do things like Indian and Greek instruments but they don't tend to advertise and they're quite difficult to get hold of.

"Of course you do see a few instruments like sitars and African drums about from time to time but often they're souvenirs or ornaments rather than proper playable ones. The thing we've done most is to get people who are going abroad to hunt out stuff for us and bring it back. But you've got to make sure that they find real instruments to buy, not cheap imitations designed for people who are going to hang them above the fireplace and look at them."


Rees Lewis is not only, however, a member of the enigmatic combo — he also doubles as the more-than-usually-adventurous head man of Nottingham music shop Foulds ((Contact Details)). He's used this connection to the advantage of both the shop (and its customers) and the band.

"I managed to track down a source of Indian instruments at the Frankfurt music fair and I got some in for the shop, shipped direct from India. Of course I had a few things, but the demand from the people who came into the shop was amazing — I sold out of sitars within days! And I get stuff from Ray Man as well, cymbals and percussion mostly. So anyone in Nottingham, at least, has got some source of these ethnic things."

So you've managed to find a source and get a few weird bits and pieces. Now what? Well in the case of C-Cat Trance you use them in a variety of ways to either enhance or form the basis of your songs. In their live set they use a tape of some drums and instruments and add the rest over the top — the rest being saxes, voices, guitars, and any of the bits that constitute percussion.

Not that they're all tremendously ethnic; as well as lumps of engineering offcut, steel pipes, old speaker chassis and a Melanie Tri-Fantom, Nigel beats a trio of Chinese cup songs from Ray Man's shop ("it's best to lie them down on practice pads if you want to play fast patterns, otherwise they ring too much"), an eight-inch Paiste splash cymbal ("you can also play fast patterns on these and a bass drum, like a conventional kit set-up but replacing the top toms with the cymbals. That gives a really Arabic rhythm sound"). Oh, and a conventional drumkit as well.

So do the duo think the sounds of Morocco and Nigeria will ever make it to Surbiton and Whitley Bay? Rees has no doubts. "I don't understand why we're not already being played on breakfast time Radio One. Maybe people aren't used to hearing that sort of sound, but I think it's as commercial and certainly a lot nicer than most music on the radio."

And what about musicians. Nigel? "I think they're far too conservative. I suppose people aren't immediately going to rush out and sell their Marshall stack to buy a saz. But it's worth trying all these things. Once you've had a good go on the electric hammered zither it's difficult to go back to your ride cymbal."


Rees: "The thing on the left is a Saz. It's Turkish, and it's got seven strings, tuned in three courses (three, two and two strings.) The strings are nylon — classical guitar strings or even fishing line will do — and the frets are just thin strips tied round the neck. You can move them if you want. And quite often if you don't want too. The tuning pegs are pretty dodgy, they're very primitive, so it's not the sort of instrument you can use live much. It sounds good, though. It's got a very drony, quite nasal sound.

"On the right is a Turkish fiddle. It's metal-stringed so it sounds tinny and sharp, fairly piercing. We use it tuned to A, D and D but like a lot of these things it's guesswork, there is a definite lack of information about how they should be tuned. Again the tuning pegs are dodgy, so this one doesn't get to be played on stage much.

"And at the back there is a Gopichand. It's from India where they're a Folk instrument. It's got a skin on the bottom to which is attached a string that goes up to the peg at the top. You pluck the string and squeeze the sides to alter the pitch as you do so. It makes this high, pinging tone which sounds almost like some weird synthesizer noise but obviously much more real and human."



Nigel: "That's a tongue drum — it's African and it's played by hitting those tongue-shaped bits of wood on the top to get various notes. Obviously you can't change the pitch, though, so we generally have to tune all the other instruments to it. We put it through the PA live via a C-Ducer contact mike, usually with a normal mike pointed towards the top as well so one picks up the round, deep tones and one picks up the attack as you hit it. Obviously you have to be much more accurate so you play from the wrists rather than the conventional drumming style. At first it's quite difficult to adjust to hitting that accurately."


Rees: "These ethnic wind instruments are the sort of thing you can talk people into bringing back from holidays or trips to other countries quite easily.

"The ones on the left and the big one at the front left are all Folk flutes of various kinds, Chinese and Japanese. I think they're called Shakahuchi. You blow across the top of them like you would over a milk bottle, you don't blow into them like normal flute. And you can bend notes as well, get a really Oriental sound. Although some of the smaller ones sound pretty much like recorders, really.

"The one with the bulge in at the front right is an Indian snake-charmer, an authentic one. Except for the gaffa-tape on it, that's ours. Because it's cracked.

"The two with the horn shape and the mouthpieces at the back right are a Zuma, from Turkey, and a Sona from China. They are basically the same instrument — the idea crops up with very minor differences all over Europe. The Turkish one is extremely loud and harsh, extremely strident, and the Chinese one is brighter and shriller. They both produce a brassy screeching noise, a sort of distorted honk.

"And the one in the middle at the back is a double-barrelled flute from Yugoslavia called a Droinitza. It's a bit like simplified pan-pipes, and if you're good you can play two different tunes at the same time."


Rees: "The oblong thing on the left is a Mbira, an African thumb piano. I don't know whether you'd count this as percussion or not, but it makes a plunking noise, very staccato, which you can tune by moving the metal strips on it up or down. We mike it up by putting a cheap acoustic guitar bug inside it and it sounds really good."

Nigel: "Behind that is the talking drum. That's from Nigeria, and it's got seeds inside to add a rattle to the sound. You hit it with a curved stick, which is really hard to get the hang of when you're used to the more conventional ones. There's a thong going round the drum which you twist to change the pitch; it squeezes the strings which connect the two heads together and tightens them. The heads are calfskin, I think.

"On the right are the Moroccan bongoes. They're a little like tablas, the classic Indian drums, but they're made from pottery with goatskin heads. One's really high, almost a 'ping' sound, and the other's deep. But that changes with the temperature — when it's really hot the skins tighten and they sound absolutely great. Apparently the native drummers put them into a fire to tighten them up, but I can't see myself lighting a bonfire in the middle of a 24-track studio.

"The two things at the front are scrapers, of course — one made out of bamboo, which we bought, and the other made out of a piece of bone by Rees. It sounds much better, the home-made one."

Rees: "Actually, I was walking across the local recreation ground the other day on my way to work and I saw this great piece of horn I'd have liked to use for a shaker. It was lying on the ground where a circus had been parked, and obviously it was something that had been chewed by a lion. But it still had a great lump of animal hanging off it, and I couldn't see myself going through town carrying this huge, bloody lump of meat..."


Nigel: "This is my home-made attempt — you could call it a barrel gamelan. Or an electric hammered zither. It's just a barrel with a few bits of wood on top and a few bits of electric guitar. The bass strings stretched on the top are usually tuned to octaves and they're amplified through an old Hofner humbucking pickup connected via volume and tone controls, and effects like chorus and delay. You hit the strings and get a sort of rhythmical drone sound, deep and sort of pounding."



Previous Article in this issue

Feelers On The Dealers

Next article in this issue

What Katy Did


Publisher: International Musician & Recording World - Cover Publications Ltd, Northern & Shell Ltd.

The current copyright owner/s of this content may differ from the originally published copyright notice.
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International Musician - Oct 1985

Donated by: Mike Gorman, Neill Jongman

Scanned by: Mike Gorman

Feature by Chris Maillard

Previous article in this issue:

> Feelers On The Dealers

Next article in this issue:

> What Katy Did


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